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IDEATIONAL METAFUNCTION

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  What is Ideational Metafunction? The ideational metafunction is one of the three metafunctions proposed by linguist Michael Halliday in his Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory. It refers to the way language is used to represent ideas and experiences of the real or imagined world. Through this metafunction, we can express what is happening, who is involved, what things are like, and how they relate to each other. In simple terms, the ideational metafunction allows us to use language to convey meaning about the world around us , including actions, events, people, objects, places , and abstract concepts . It helps structure our thoughts and make sense of reality through grammar. The ideational metafunction is divided into two components: Experiential Function – focuses on the content of messages, such as who does what to whom, when, where, how, and why. It is realized through Participants, Processes, and Circumstances in a clause. Logical Function – relates ...
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CLAUSES

  Definition of Sentence Clauses Clause is the smallest grammatical unit that can express a complete preposition which is has a subject and a verb. There are 2 types of clauses such as independent clause and dependent clause.  1. Independent Clause Is a group of word that can stand and its own as a sentence. It means that independent clause has a subject, a verb, and its complete thought.  Example: They dance under the rain. 2. Dependent Clause Is  a  group of word tht contains a subject and a verb but its not a complete thought. Because of it a dependent clause cannot stand and its own as a sentence.  Example: Because i woke up late this morning. The types of dependent clause Dependent clause can  be divided in other time of clauses such as: A. Adverb Clause Definition Is a group of word that functions as an adverb in a sentence. It provides additional information about time,  place, condition, and more.  Example: 1. I sing because i  l...
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PHRASES

Definition of Phrases  📌 What is a Phrase? A phrase is a group of words that works together as a single part of speech in a sentence. Unlike a sentence or clause, a phrase does not contain both a subject and a verb. Phrases help to add detail and clarify meaning, but they cannot stand alone as complete thoughts. 🧱 Characteristics of a Phrase: ✅ Consists of two or more words. ✅ Functions as one part of speech (noun, adjective, verb, etc.). ❌ Does not contain both a subject and a predicate. ❌ Is not a complete sentence.  Kind of Phrases 1. 🧱 Noun Phrase 🔹 Definition: A noun phrase is a group of words that works together as a noun. It usually includes a noun (called the headword) and its modifiers (determiners, adjectives, or other descriptive words). 🔹 Structure: [Determiner + Adjective(s) + Noun] or [Modifier(s) + Head Noun] 🔹 Examples: The tall boy is my cousin. I saw a beautiful painting . Some of the students passed the test. My younger sister loves ice cream. 📌 In ...
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WORD

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  Definition of Word 📘 What Is a Word? A word is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning and can stand alone in speech or writing. Words are the building blocks of sentences, and they serve various grammatical and communicative functions. 🔹 In simple terms: A word is a combination of sounds or letters that represents an idea, object, action, or relationship. Parts of Speech: Definition of Each Kind of Word Language is made up of words — but not all words function the same way. Some name things, some show actions, some describe, and others connect. These functions help us categorize words into different parts of speech, also known as word classes. There are traditionally eight major parts of speech, and here is a detailed explanation of each: 1. Noun 🔹 Definition: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, idea, or concept. It answers the question: What is it? Who is it? 🔹 Types of Nouns: Proper noun: Specific names (e.g., Jakarta, Sarah, Google) Common noun:...
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What is Syntax

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Have you ever wondered how we arrange words into sentences that make sense? Why “The cat sat on the mat” sounds correct, but “Sat mat the cat on” doesn’t? The answer lies in a fascinating field of linguistics called syntax. In this blog, we’ll explore what syntax is and take a closer look at four key approaches to understanding grammar: Traditional Grammar, Structural Grammar, Transformational Grammar, and Functional Grammar. WHAT IS SYNTAX?  Syntax is the branch of linguistics that studies how words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences. It focuses on sentence structure—not the meaning of words, but how they are arranged to create meaning. It’s like the rules of a game: syntax tells us what kinds of word combinations are allowed in a language. For example: ✅ “She is reading a book.” ❌ “Is she book a reading.” Both sentences use the same words, but only the first follows proper English syntax. 📚 1. Traditional Grammar Traditional Grammar is the oldest and most familiar a...
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